A growing market of food sector towards patients suffering celiac disease or diabetes, as well as, organic, nongmo and nonallergic foods, stimulate quinoa production 1, 2. Chenopodium quinoa quinoa, goosefoot, pigweed, inca wheat. The genetic variability of quinoa is huge, with cultivars of quinoa being adapted to growth from sea level to 4000 meters above sea level masl, from 40s to 2n latitude, and from cold, highland climate to subtropical conditions. Quinoa or chenopodium quinoa, also known as goosefoot, pigweed, or inca wheat, is an erect annual plant of up to 3 m in height that is widely cultivated in chile and peru as a grain crop.
Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa. It is placed in the family amaranthaceae in the apg ii system. Margarita miranda,a judith vergara,a elsa uribe,a luis puenteb and enrique a martnezc abstract quinoa, chenopodium quinoa willd. Quinoa production extends from columbia to chile and argentina and a diversity of landraces have resulted. Preliminary agronomic evaluation of new crops for north dakotamarisol t. Here we report the assembly of a highquality, chromosomescale reference genome sequence for quinoa, which was produced using single. This grain is highly important in the human diet because it is free of gluten and used by people with allergies spehar, 2007, but it also. Germplasm resources information network grin online database. Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to chenopodium quinoa l. Ligacoes externas em alemao pppindex em ingles usda plants database em ingles chenopodium em flora of north america em ingles chenopodium em flora of china em ingles chenopodium em flora of pakistan. Chenopodium quinoa seed oil skin deep cosmetics database.
Physiological responses of chenopodium quinoa to salt stress. Studies on quinoa chenopodium quinoa for novel food and. Quinoa is endemic to the andes highlands and ranges from colombia to northern argentina to southern chile. Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa chenopodiumquinoawilld. Quinoa has been selected by fao as one of the crops destined to offer food security in the next century. Quinoa from the valley, which grows in the interandean valleys, between approximately 6,500 and 12,000 feet above sea level. For thousands of years the cultivation of quinoa was the main food of ancient andean cultures and as a result it is distributed in different agroecological areas in the region. Saponins of chenopodium quinoa are classified as a biochemical pesticide because. Other positive aspects of quinoa are the saponins found in the seed hull and the lack of gluten. Production of a fermented drink based on quinoa chenopodium. Quinoa is a highly nutritious food product, being cultivated for several thousands years in south america, with an outstanding protein quality and a high content of a range of vitamins and minerals.
It will germinate in fairly cool conditions and prefers light, welldrained soil. In a greenhouse experiment, salt nacl was applied to quinoa varieties, chipaya and ku2, and to the model halophyte thellungiella halophila to assess their relative responses to salt stress. The descriptors for quinoa chenopodium quinoa willd. Quinoa originates from the andean region of south america and was an important crop at the time of the inca. It was and is widely recognized that south american chenopodium hircinum is closely related to c. Indeed, the seeds can be milled into flour to make breads and soups, as well as pasta. Quinoa, often described as a superfood or a supergrain, has become popular among the health conscious, with good reason. It is an annual broadleaved plant, 12 m tall with deep penetrating roots and can be cultivated from sea level upto an altitude of 3800 m. Jul 22, 2016 chenopodium quinoa quinoa is a highly nutritious grain crop with high abiotic stress tolerance that has been identified as an important crop to improve world food security. It must be thoroughly rinsed before cooking and is then prepared like rice. Bac library and its use in identifying genes encoding seed storage proteins. Quinoa chenopodium quinoa, native to the andean region of south america, is the most economically significant goosefoot species and is grown commercially for its nutritious seeds. Quinoa and other functional components chenopodium.
Common names chenopode in french quinoa in language. Images 4 synonyms 20 references 15 subordinate taxa. Chenopodium quinoa seed oil is an oil expressed from seeds of chenopodium quinoa functions. Altiplanic quinoa, which grows in the areas surrounding lake titicaca. Media in category chenopodium quinoa the following 63 files are in this category, out of 63 total. It generally has larger leaves and inflorescences and lightcolored seeds. Quinoa chenopodium quinoa is a seed crop native to the andes, that can be used in a variety of food product in a similar manner to cereals. It is also glutenfree and is recommended for people who are on a glutenfree diet often used as a substitute for rice, quinoa is commonly considered to. Physiological responses to salt stress were measured in chenopodium quinoa, a regionally important halophytic staple crop of andean south america.
It is a pseudo grain with high nutritional value as it is rich in proteins, lipids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and has an extraordinary balance of essential amino acids. Chenopodium quinoa an indian perspective request pdf. Quinoa is 1516% protein and is high in e and b vitamins, calcium, iron and phosphorous. The worldwide potential for quinoa chenopodium quinoawilld. It looks like lambsquarters and has nutritious flavourful greens. Good king henry, or mercury goosefoot blitum bonushenricus, formerly c. It is an important source of minerals and vitamins, and has also. Quinoa pronounced keenwah or kenoah is packed with protein, fiber and various vitamins and minerals. It will key to chenopodium berlandieri and is related to it. It is an herbaceous annual plant grown as a crop primarily for its edible seeds. Chenopodium quinoaan indian perspective sciencedirect. Chenopodium quinoa willdenow quinoa is cultivated occasionally as a grain crop. Quinoa keenwa has been cultivated for at least 5000 years.
The leaves are toothed, greygreen in colour, and vary in shape. Distributions 31 chromosome counts 2 ethnobotany 2 group. By midsummer, a large seedhead develops, loaded with milletlike seeds. Chenopodium quinoa seed extract skin deep cosmetics. Chenopodium quinoa prepared by incanorth marketing. Minerals and polyphenols content of quinoa chenopodium quinoa willd.
Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa chenopodium. Candidate crop for nasas controlled ecological life support systemsgreg schlick and david l. Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa chenopodium quinoa. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Leaves, seeds and crop residues from grain harvesting and milling can be fed to livestock. Chenopodium quinoa is an erect, annual plant growing up to 1 metre or more tall. An ancient crop, the species is thought to have been independently domesticated multiple times throughout its range some 3,0005,000 years ago. Chenopodium quinoa seed extract is an extract of the seeds of chenopodium quinoa. Chenopodium quinoa as a universal plant virus host. Unlike most plants, quinoa contains protein with a balanced amino acid profile. The taxonomy of the genus is contentious, and a number of species formerly placed in chenopodium have been reassigned based on molecular data. This page was last edited on 15 october 2019, at 06.
It was presumably first domesticated more than 7,000 years. It is an annual broadleaved plant, 12 m tall with deep penetrating roots and can. The genome of chenopodium quinoa provides insights into. Its leaves and seeds are edible, and the plant is cultivated as.
Virologists seem to prefer nicotiana benthamiana since infections are usually systemic and leaves are reputedly cleaner for virus purification. Quinoa is a very nutritional side dish andor a replacement for rice and conscous, but is an extremely good additive to make porridge, breakfast cereal, salads, casseroles, omelets, soups, juices, desserts and puddings or a side dish. Chenopodium quinoa article about chenopodium quinoa by. Here we report the assembly of a highquality, chromosomescale reference genome sequence for quinoa. It is in flower from july to august, and the seeds ripen from august to september. Quinoa chenopodium quinoa willd, from nutritional value to potential health benefits. This revision, expanded to accommodate wild relatives, is the result of a joint collaboration effort involving bioversity international, fao, proinpa, iniaf and ifad. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. Minerals and polyphenols content of quinoa chenopodium. Within the major quinoa production areas of columbia, ecuador, peru, and bolivia, gandarillas 1968 described 17 races based upon morphological characters. Chenopodium quinoa seed extract is an extract of the seeds of chenopodium quinoa functions. Saponins of chenopodium quinoa biopesticides registration action document i.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. In addition, there are studies that suggest that quinoa polysaccharides have antioxidant properties 23. These are big, branched plants which have a long growth period. Quinoa pronounced keenwa is commonly cultivated as a grain crop in chile and peru46. Chenopodium is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. Ibpgr81104 and is based on the work of a bolivian team of experts, who. Quinoa is considered a superfood and welcomed by health conscious consumers. National germplasm resources laboratory, beltsville, maryland.
It is a pseudo grain with high nutritional value as it is rich in proteins, lipids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and has an extraordinary balance of. Quinoa can be grown as a green vegetable, and its leaves can be eaten fresh or cooked. Chenopodium quinoa quinoa is a highly nutritious grain crop with high abiotic stress tolerance that has been identified as an important crop to improve world food security. Germplasm resources information network grin, 2007 2011, database version 2011 acquired. Quinoa is one of the main food crops in the andean mountains, but. Bhardwaj, andy hankins, tadesse mebrahtu, jimmy mullins, muddappa. Distributions 31 chromosome counts 2 ethnobotany 2. Ricardo nahuel valenzuela antezana1, giovanni mita ticona 2, franklyn elard zapana yucra 1, david. Quinoa and other functional components chenopodium quinoa.